Nama : Ratih Handayani
Kelas : 3DB01
NPM : 31107378
Reading
Multinational Corporation
A company often becomes involved in international trade by exchange goods or services with another country-importing raw materials it may need for production or exporting finished products to a foreign market. Establishing these trade relationships in the first step in the development of a multinational business. At this stage, however, the corporation’s emphasis is still on the domestic market. As trade expands, the corporation’s dealings with companies or people outside the “home country” of that corporation increase.
The corporation then begins to view the whole world as a base for production and marketing operations. The next step in the development of a multinational business is focusing on the world market. The company may establish a foreign assembly plant, engage in contract manufacturing, or build a foreign manufacturing company or subsidiary. Therefore, a multinational corporation is a company that is primarily based in one country and has production and keting activities in foreign countries.
Since World War II, multinational corporation have grown rapidly. The names and products of many of the multinationals have becomes well-known the world marketplace: International Business Machine(IBM), Royal Dutch Shell, Panasonic, Coca-Cola, and Volkswagen. Coca-Cola, for example, now has operations in more than 180 countries.
A multinational corporations operates in a complex business environtment cultural, social, economic, political, and technological systems vary from country to country. In order to operate successfully, a multinational company need a basic understanding and appreciation of the foreign business environtment.
Comprehesion
A.Answer the following question about multinationals. Questions with asterisk (*) cannot be answered directly from the text.
1.What is the first step in the development of a multinational business?
Answer: The first step (it) is establishing the trade relationship with another country.
2.Where is the company’s emphasis when it is simply trading with other countries?
Answer: The companies’ emphasis (it) is still on the domestic market.
3.What market does a multinational corporation focus on?
Answer: A multinational corporations (it) focuses on the world market.
4.A company may establish its manufacturing operations in foreign countries . Answer: What are there forms that these forms that these operations may take?
The three farms (they) are’ It may establish a foreign assembly plant, engage in contract manufacturing, and build a foreign manufacturing company ar a subsidiary.
5.What a multinational corporation?
Answer: A multinational corporation (it) is a company that is primary based in one country and has production and marketing activiting in foreign coutries.
6.When have multinationals grown rapidly? *Why do you think they experienced this period of rapid growth?
Answer: Multinationals (they) have grown rapidly since World War II. Because during the war many countries knew that resources are scarce or abundant in other countries.
7.*What are some products that are produced by the following multination corporations: IBM, Coca-Cola, Panasonic, Shell, and Volkswagen?
Answer: IBM: business machine, Royal Dutch Shell: oil, Panasonic: electronic, Coca-Cola: softdrink, Volkswagen: automobiles.
8.*Why does a multinational corporation operate in a more complex business environtment than a domestic company?
Answer: Because a multinational corporation focuses on the world market, and each country has it sown systems; culturally; economically; politically and technologically. Where as a domestic company only operates in one country which its systems its already familiar.
9.*What are some of the social and political factors that can vary from country to country?
Answer: Socially: In Japan life time amployment systems is applied, where as in Indonesia contract system employment is used.
Politically: In Thailand is monarchism, Indonesia is democratic.
10.Why does a multinational corporation need a basic understanding of foreign business environtments? *How can a multinational gain this understanding?
Answer: In order to operate successfully. This understanding can be guined through market research.
B.Determine which of the following statements are true and which are false. Then put T or F in the blanks. Rewrite false statements to make them true.
1.T…Multinational corporations have grown rapidly since 1945.
2.F…Any company engaged in international trade is a multinational business.
3.T…In order to operate successfully, a multinational company needs to be aware of national and international business environtments.
4.F…A multinational corporations focuses on its “home country”, or domestic market.
5.F…A multinational company does not establish factories in foreign countries.
Vocabulary Excercises
A.Write down any terms that you did not understand in the reading. Find each term in the reading, look at its context, and try to figure out the meaning. Discuss these terms with your classmates.
B.Look at the terms in the left-hand colomn and find the correct synonyms or definitions in the right-hand colomn. Copy the corresponding letters in the blanks.
1. j…corporation(line 5) a. chiefly; principally
2. e…expand (line 6) b. function in; work in
3. g…view (line 8) c. change
4. i…stage (line 5) d. a company having more than half
of its stock owned by another company
5. a…primarily (line 13) e. increase the dimensions of
6. h…base (line 8) f. growth; expansion
7. c…vary (line 21) g. see; look at
8. d…subsidiary (line 21) h. foundation
9. b…operate in (line 20) i. a step in development
10.f…development (line 4) j. a type of business organization formed by an association of stockholders
C.Fill in the blanks in the following paragraph with the most appropriate terms form the list.
base operate in appreciation of expands
vary corporation development subsidiary
staged involved in view relationship
During the..development..of a corporation, the organizational structure may..vary.. over time and pass through a number of..stages.. . As the corporation grows, it ..expands.. its operations. It might become..involved in.. setting up a..subsidiary.. . Although the corporation still has a primary or “home..base.. ,” establishment of a subsidiary allow the company to enter into new..relationship.. with a..view.. toward increasing its production and marketing capabilities.
Text Analysis
Look at the reading to answer these questions.
1. What does each of the following refer to?
LINES WORDS REFERENTS
2 it a company
5 this stage first step
17 IBM International Business Machine
2.Match the connective words or phrases with the appropriate functions.
c…however (line 5) a. summarizing
d…then (line 8) b. illustrating
a…therefore (line 12) c. contrasting
b…for example (line 18) d. sequencing information
3.Summarize the two general steps in the development of a multinational corporation.
a. Establishing these trade relationship. (line 3-5)
b. Focusing on the world market. (line 8-10)
4.Sometimes the definition of a term takes this form:
A restrictive trade law → is → law → that → a controls the number of goods imported or exported
term being defined → verb to be → class→ that, which → definition
This type of definition is known as a formal definition. In a formal definition the term or word being defined occurs first. It is followed by the verb to be (usually is ar are). Next the class states the general group that the term belongs to:
TERMS CLASSES
multinational corporation company
typewriter business machine
absolute advantage theory of specialization
After the class, either that or which is used. Finally, the definition itself includes information distinguishing this term other members of its class.
Write formal definitions for multinational corporation (page 56), corporation (page 57), and subsidiary (page 57).
a.A multinational corporation is a company that is primatily based in one country and has production and marketing activities in foreign countries.
b.
c.
5.Formal definitions may be shortened to a more general form, which includes less information. This is often called a semiformal definition. The class, that or which, and the verb to be are omitted.
A restrictive trade law → controls → the number of goods imported or exported
Term being defined → verb → definition
Change the formal definition from the previous exercise into semiformal definitions.
a. A multinational corporation is primatily based in one country and has a production and marketing activities in foreign countries.
b.
c.
TENSES
Pr – Present; Ps-Past; S-Simple; C-Continuous; F-Future; Pf-Perfect
1. Pr.S - He writes many letters everyday. (habitual action)
2. Ps.S - He wrote m.1 yesterday. (occurred in the past)
3. Pr.C - It is writing m.1 now. (is occurring right now)
4. Ps.C - He was writing m.1 when it rained yesterday. (two actions in the
past).
5. Pr.F - He will write m.1 tomorrow. (will happen in the future).
6. Ps.F - He would write m.1 yesterday, but he didn’t have time.
7. Pr.Pf - He has written m.1 already (has just happened now).
8. Ps.Pf - He had written m.1 when it rained yesterday. (two actions in the past)
9. Pr.Fc - He will be writing m.1 when you visit him tomorrow. (in the future)
10. Ps.Fc - He would be writing m.1 when you visited him yesterday. (in the past)
11. Pr.FPf - He will have written m.1 when you come tomorrow (in the future)
12. Ps.FPf - He would have written m.1 when you come yesterday. (in the past)
13. Pr.Pfc - He has been writing m.1 for two days until now. (continuosly from past
until now).
14. Ps.Pfc - He had been writting m.1 for two days until yesterday (continuosly
from past to past)
15. Pr.Fpf.C - He will have been writing m.1 for two days will tomorrow. (until in the future)
16. Pr.F.Pfc - He would have been writing m.1 for two days until yesterday. (until in the past)
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